Manual Reconstruction

Last updated on 2026-07-10 | Edit this page

Overview

Questions

How do I reconstruct the inclusive kinematics myself?

Objectives

Understand how to calculate the inclusive kinematics manually.
Implement the various reconstruction methods in code.
Verify your manual calculations through comparison to the InclusiveKinematicsXX values.

Doing the reconstruction yourself

It may be that you don’t want to use the default reconstruction provided in the InclusiveKinematicsXX branches - maybe you want to test a new electron finding or particle flow algorithm? In such cases you will need to calculate the kinematics yourself, as the InclusiveKinematicsXX branches only perform the reconstruction for a single scenario e.g. perfect electron ID, electron energy from tracking etc. If you’re having to write the reconstruction methods in your own code, it’s good to verify that your implementation of the methods is correct.

We can do this by comparing our manual calculations to the results stored in the InclusiveKinematicsXX branches. Copy the script below into a file called ManualReconstruction.C

CPP

// PODIO
#include "podio/Frame.h"
#include "podio/Reader.h"

// DATA MODEL
#include "edm4eic/InclusiveKinematicsCollection.h"
#include "edm4eic/ReconstructedParticleCollection.h"
#include "edm4eic/HadronicFinalStateCollection.h"
#include "edm4eic/ClusterCollection.h"
#include "edm4hep/Vector3f.h"

std::vector<float> calc_elec_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam);
std::vector<float> calc_jb_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam);
std::vector<float> calc_da_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam);
std::vector<float> calc_sig_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam);
std::vector<float> calc_esig_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam);

void ManualReconstruction(std::string filename) {

  // Settings
  Float_t E_ebeam = 18;
  Float_t E_pbeam = 275;
  Float_t m_e = 0.000511;
  double xAngle = 25e-3;
  TLorentzVector pni, ei;
  ei.SetPxPyPzE(0, 0, -E_ebeam, E_ebeam);
  pni.SetPxPyPzE(-1*E_pbeam*TMath::Sin(xAngle), 0, E_pbeam*TMath::Cos(xAngle), E_pbeam);

  std::vector<std::string> inFiles = {filename};

  auto reader = podio::makeReader(inFiles);

  // Declare benchmark histograms
  TH1F *hResoX_electron = new TH1F("hResoX_electron","Electron method;#Deltax/x;Counts",500,-1,1);
  TH1F *hResoX_jb = new TH1F("hResoX_jb","JB method;#Deltax/x;Counts",500,-1,1);
  TH1F *hResoX_da = new TH1F("hResoX_da","Double Angle method;#Deltax/x;Counts",500,-1,1);
  TH1F *hResoX_sigma = new TH1F("hResoX_sigma","#Sigma method;#Deltax/x;Counts",500,-1,1);
  TH1F *hResoX_esigma = new TH1F("hResoX_esigma","e-#Sigma method;#Deltax/x;Counts",500,-1,1);

  TH1F *hResoY_electron = new TH1F("hResoY_electron","Electron method;#Deltay/y;Counts",500,-1,1);
  TH1F *hResoY_jb = new TH1F("hResoY_jb","JB method;#Deltay/y;Counts",500,-1,1);
  TH1F *hResoY_da = new TH1F("hResoY_da","Double Angle method;#Deltay/y;Counts",500,-1,1);
  TH1F *hResoY_sigma = new TH1F("hResoY_sigma","#Sigma method;#Deltay/y;Counts",500,-1,1);
  TH1F *hResoY_esigma = new TH1F("hResoY_esigma","e-#Sigma method;#Deltay/y;Counts",500,-1,1);

  TH1F *hResoQ2_electron = new TH1F("hResoQ2_electron","Electron method;#DeltaQ2/Q2;Counts",500,-1,1);
  TH1F *hResoQ2_jb = new TH1F("hResoQ2_jb","JB method;#DeltaQ2/Q2;Counts",500,-1,1);
  TH1F *hResoQ2_da = new TH1F("hResoQ2_da","Double Angle method;#DeltaQ2/Q2;Counts",500,-1,1);
  TH1F *hResoQ2_sigma = new TH1F("hResoQ2_sigma","#Sigma method;#DeltaQ2/Q2;Counts",500,-1,1);
  TH1F *hResoQ2_esigma = new TH1F("hResoQ2_esigma","e-#Sigma method;#DeltaQ2/Q2;Counts",500,-1,1);

  Float_t x_truth, x_electron, x_jb, x_da, x_sigma, x_esigma;
  Float_t y_truth, y_electron, y_jb, y_da, y_sigma, y_esigma;
  Float_t Q2_truth, Q2_electron, Q2_jb, Q2_da, Q2_sigma, Q2_esigma;
  Float_t E, theta, sigma_h, pt_had;

  cout << reader.getEntries("events") << " events found" << endl;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < reader.getEntries("events"); i++) {// begin event loop
    const auto event = reader.readNextFrame("events");
    if (i%100==0) cout << i << " events processed" << endl;

    // Retrieve Inclusive Kinematics Collections
    auto& kin_truth = event.get<edm4eic::InclusiveKinematicsCollection>("InclusiveKinematicsTruth");
    auto& kin_electron = event.get<edm4eic::InclusiveKinematicsCollection>("InclusiveKinematicsElectron");
    auto& kin_jb = event.get<edm4eic::InclusiveKinematicsCollection>("InclusiveKinematicsJB");
    auto& kin_da = event.get<edm4eic::InclusiveKinematicsCollection>("InclusiveKinematicsDA");
    auto& kin_sigma = event.get<edm4eic::InclusiveKinematicsCollection>("InclusiveKinematicsSigma");
    auto& kin_esigma = event.get<edm4eic::InclusiveKinematicsCollection>("InclusiveKinematicsESigma");

    // Retrieve Scattered electron and HFS
    auto& eleCollection = event.get<edm4eic::ReconstructedParticleCollection>("ScatteredElectronsTruth");
    auto& hfsCollection = event.get<edm4eic::HadronicFinalStateCollection>("HadronicFinalState");

    // Store kinematics from InclusiveKinematics branches
    if (kin_truth.empty() || kin_electron.empty() || kin_jb.empty()) continue;
    x_truth = kin_truth.x()[0];
    x_electron = kin_electron.x()[0];
    x_jb = kin_jb.x()[0];
    x_da = kin_da.x()[0];
    x_sigma = kin_sigma.x()[0];
    x_esigma = kin_esigma.x()[0];

    y_truth = kin_truth.y()[0];
    y_electron = kin_electron.y()[0];
    y_jb = kin_jb.y()[0];
    y_da = kin_da.y()[0];
    y_sigma = kin_sigma.y()[0];
    y_esigma = kin_esigma.y()[0];

    Q2_truth = kin_truth.Q2()[0];
    Q2_electron = kin_electron.Q2()[0];
    Q2_jb = kin_jb.Q2()[0];
    Q2_da = kin_da.Q2()[0];
    Q2_sigma = kin_sigma.Q2()[0];
    Q2_esigma = kin_esigma.Q2()[0];

    TLorentzVector scat_ele;
    E = eleCollection[0].getEnergy();
    auto& ele_momentum = eleCollection[0].getMomentum();
    scat_ele.SetPxPyPzE(ele_momentum.x, ele_momentum.y, ele_momentum.z, E);
    theta = scat_ele.Theta();
    sigma_h = hfsCollection[0].getSigma();
    pt_had = hfsCollection[0].getPT();

    // Calculate kinematics manually
    std::vector<float> elec_reco = calc_elec_method(E, theta, pt_had, sigma_h, E_ebeam, E_pbeam);
    std::vector<float> jb_reco = calc_jb_method(E, theta, pt_had, sigma_h, E_ebeam, E_pbeam);
    std::vector<float> da_reco = calc_da_method(E, theta, pt_had, sigma_h, E_ebeam, E_pbeam);
    std::vector<float> sigma_reco = calc_sig_method(E, theta, pt_had, sigma_h, E_ebeam, E_pbeam);
    std::vector<float> esigma_reco = calc_esig_method(E, theta, pt_had, sigma_h, E_ebeam, E_pbeam);

    // Some example cuts
    bool cuts = true;
    cuts = cuts && (y_truth < 0.95);
    cuts = cuts && (y_truth > 0.01);
    cuts = cuts && (Q2_truth > 1);

    if (!cuts) continue;

    // Fill histograms with difference of calculated kinematics
    // and those retrieved from InclusiveKinematics branches
    hResoX_electron->Fill((x_electron-elec_reco[0])/elec_reco[0]);
    hResoX_jb->Fill((x_jb-jb_reco[0])/jb_reco[0]);
    hResoX_da->Fill((x_da-da_reco[0])/da_reco[0]);
    hResoX_sigma->Fill((x_sigma-sigma_reco[0])/sigma_reco[0]);
    hResoX_esigma->Fill((x_esigma-esigma_reco[0])/esigma_reco[0]);

    hResoY_electron->Fill((y_electron-elec_reco[1])/elec_reco[1]);
    hResoY_jb->Fill((y_jb-jb_reco[1])/jb_reco[1]);
    hResoY_da->Fill((y_da-da_reco[1])/da_reco[1]);
    hResoY_sigma->Fill((y_sigma-sigma_reco[1])/sigma_reco[1]);
    hResoY_esigma->Fill((y_esigma-esigma_reco[1])/esigma_reco[1]);

    hResoQ2_electron->Fill((Q2_electron-elec_reco[2])/elec_reco[2]);
    hResoQ2_jb->Fill((Q2_jb-jb_reco[2])/jb_reco[2]);
    hResoQ2_da->Fill((Q2_da-da_reco[2])/da_reco[2]);
    hResoQ2_sigma->Fill((Q2_sigma-sigma_reco[2])/sigma_reco[2]);
    hResoQ2_esigma->Fill((Q2_esigma-esigma_reco[2])/esigma_reco[2]);
  }
  // Drawing the histograms
  auto canvas_x_1D = new TCanvas();
  canvas_x_1D->Divide(3,2);
  canvas_x_1D->cd(1);hResoX_electron->Draw("hist");
  canvas_x_1D->cd(2);hResoX_jb->Draw("hist");
  canvas_x_1D->cd(3);hResoX_da->Draw("hist");
  canvas_x_1D->cd(4);hResoX_sigma->Draw("hist");
  canvas_x_1D->cd(5);hResoX_esigma->Draw("hist");
  auto canvas_y_1D = new TCanvas();
  canvas_y_1D->Divide(3,2);
  canvas_y_1D->cd(1);hResoY_electron->Draw("hist");
  canvas_y_1D->cd(2);hResoY_jb->Draw("hist");
  canvas_y_1D->cd(3);hResoY_da->Draw("hist");
  canvas_y_1D->cd(4);hResoY_sigma->Draw("hist");
  canvas_y_1D->cd(5);hResoY_esigma->Draw("hist");
  auto canvas_Q2_1D = new TCanvas();
  canvas_Q2_1D->Divide(3,2);
  canvas_Q2_1D->cd(1);hResoQ2_electron->Draw("hist");
  canvas_Q2_1D->cd(2);hResoQ2_jb->Draw("hist");
  canvas_Q2_1D->cd(3);hResoQ2_da->Draw("hist");
  canvas_Q2_1D->cd(4);hResoQ2_sigma->Draw("hist");
  canvas_Q2_1D->cd(5);hResoQ2_esigma->Draw("hist");

  cout << "Done!" << endl;
}

// electron method
std::vector<float> calc_elec_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam) {
  float Q2  = 2.*E_ebeam*E*(1+TMath::Cos(theta));
  float y = 1. - (E/E_ebeam)*TMath::Sin(theta/2)*TMath::Sin(theta/2);
  float x = Q2/(4*E_ebeam*E_pbeam*y);
  return {x, y, Q2};
}

// jb method
std::vector<float> calc_jb_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam) {
  float y = sigma_h/(2*E_ebeam);
  float Q2 = pt_had*pt_had / (1-y);
  float x = Q2/(4*E_ebeam*E_pbeam*y);
  return {x, y, Q2};
}

// float angle method
std::vector<float> calc_da_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam) {
  float alpha_h = sigma_h/pt_had;
  float alpha_e = TMath::Tan(theta/2);
  float y = alpha_h / (alpha_e + alpha_h);
  float Q2 = 4*E_ebeam*E_ebeam / (alpha_e * (alpha_h + alpha_e));
  float x = Q2/(4*E_ebeam*E_pbeam*y);
  return {x, y, Q2};
}

// sigma method
std::vector<float> calc_sig_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam) {
  float y = sigma_h/(sigma_h + E*(1 - TMath::Cos(theta))); 
  float Q2 = E*E*TMath::Sin(theta)*TMath::Sin(theta) / (1-y);
  float x = Q2/(4*E_ebeam*E_pbeam*y);
  return {x, y, Q2};
}

// e-sigma method
std::vector<float> calc_esig_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam) {
  float Q2  = 2.*E_ebeam*E*(1+TMath::Cos(theta));
  float x = calc_sig_method(E,theta,pt_had,sigma_h,E_ebeam,E_pbeam)[0];
  float y = Q2/(4*E_ebeam*E_pbeam*x);
  return {x, y, Q2};
}

As previously, you can run this script as

BASH

root -l ManualReconstruction.C\(\"your_file.root\"\)

This produces plots comparing the manual calculations to the values in the branches as (branch_calc-manual_calc)/manual_calc. The manual calculations were coded as

CPP

// electron method
std::vector<float> calc_elec_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam) {
  float Q2  = 2.*E_ebeam*E*(1+TMath::Cos(theta));
  float y = 1. - (E/E_ebeam)*TMath::Sin(theta/2)*TMath::Sin(theta/2);
  float x = Q2/(4*E_ebeam*E_pbeam*y);
  return {x, y, Q2};
}

// jb method
std::vector<float> calc_jb_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam) {
  float y = sigma_h/(2*E_ebeam);
  float Q2 = pt_had*pt_had / (1-y);
  float x = Q2/(4*E_ebeam*E_pbeam*y);
  return {x, y, Q2};
}

// float angle method
std::vector<float> calc_da_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam) {
  float alpha_h = sigma_h/pt_had;
  float alpha_e = TMath::Tan(theta/2);
  float y = alpha_h / (alpha_e + alpha_h);
  float Q2 = 4*E_ebeam*E_ebeam / (alpha_e * (alpha_h + alpha_e));
  float x = Q2/(4*E_ebeam*E_pbeam*y);
  return {x, y, Q2};
}

// sigma method
std::vector<float> calc_sig_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam) {
  float y = sigma_h/(sigma_h + E*(1 - TMath::Cos(theta))); 
  float Q2 = E*E*TMath::Sin(theta)*TMath::Sin(theta) / (1-y);
  float x = Q2/(4*E_ebeam*E_pbeam*y);
  return {x, y, Q2};
}

// e-sigma method
std::vector<float> calc_esig_method(float E, float theta, float pt_had, float sigma_h, float E_ebeam, float E_pbeam) {
  float Q2  = 2.*E_ebeam*E*(1+TMath::Cos(theta));
  float x = calc_sig_method(E,theta,pt_had,sigma_h,E_ebeam,E_pbeam)[0];
  float y = Q2/(4*E_ebeam*E_pbeam*x);
  return {x, y, Q2};
}

such that they take the basic quantities: the scattered electron energy and angle, the Hadronic Final State transverse momentum and E-pz sum, and the energies of the beam electrons/protons as inputs. We would expect these to give the exact same result as those produced by the InclusiveKinematicsXX branches, assuming that they are implemented the same way. For files in the March 2025 campaign, we see this to be case for all methods - except for the x and y calculations in the electron method. To understand this better, we can compare what is implemented in our version of the method to the calculations in the InclusiveKinematicsElectron algorithm.

Looking at this, we see that the InclusiveKinematicsElectron branch uses four vectors in its calculations, while the manual calculation here uses only the electron energy and angle, and the beam energies. Ordinarily, we would expect these to give equivalent results, if not for the fact that at ePIC there is a 25mrad crossing angle: we may therefore see different results for the Lorentz Invariant four vector based approach compared to the manual calculation, the equations for which are derived assuming head-on collisions.

Challenge

Exercise

Try implementing your own version of the electron method using four vectors, accounting for the 25mrad crossing angle. Verify that it matches the output of the InclusiveKinematicsElectron branch.

Show me the solution

Build the scattered-electron and beam four vectors (as pni and ei are set up at the top of ManualReconstruction.C, using the crossing angle) and compute Q2, y, and x from the Lorentz invariants (Q2 = -(ei - scat_ele)^2, y = (pni . (ei - scat_ele)) / (pni . ei), x = Q2 / (2 pni . (ei - scat_ele))). Because this treatment includes the crossing angle, the (branch - manual)/manual distributions for x and y should now be centred on zero, matching the InclusiveKinematicsElectron branch, unlike the head-on formula used above.

Key Points

The reconstruction methods all use some combination of the same basic information: Ee, theta_e, sigma_h, pt_h.