Geometry Editing Rules

Firebird uses a powerful rule-based system to customize detector geometry appearance. Rules control colors, materials, merging behavior, and outlines for different detector components.

Overview

When geometry is loaded from ROOT files, it consists of a hierarchical tree of Three.js Object3D nodes (Groups and Meshes). The geometry editing system allows you to:

• Match nodes by name patterns (glob-style wildcards)
• Apply styling (colors, materials, transparency)
• Merge geometries for better performance
• Create outlines for visual clarity
• Process hierarchically ("the rest" rules for unmatched nodes)

Rule Structure

Rules are organized in RuleSets, where each ruleset targets specific detectors:

{
  name: "DIRC*",           // Match detector by name (glob pattern)
  // or
  names: ["DIRC*", "RICH*"],  // Match multiple detectors

  rules: [
    // Array of rules applied in order
  ]
}

Basic Rule Properties

interface EditThreeNodeRule {
  // Node selection
  patterns?: string[] | string;  // Glob patterns to match nodes

  // Geometry handling
  merge?: boolean;               // Merge matched meshes (default: true)
  newName?: string;              // Name for merged mesh
  deleteOrigins?: boolean;       // Remove original meshes after merge (default: true)
  cleanupNodes?: boolean;        // Remove empty groups (default: true)

  // Styling
  color?: ColorRepresentation;   // Hex color (e.g., 0xFF0000)
  material?: Material;           // Three.js material

  // Outlines
  outline?: boolean;             // Create edge outlines (default: true)
  outlineThresholdAngle?: number; // Edge detection angle in degrees (default: 40)
  outlineColor?: ColorRepresentation;

  // Advanced
  applyToDescendants?: boolean;  // Apply to children of matched nodes
  simplifyMeshes?: boolean;      // Reduce vertex count
  simplifyRatio?: number;        // Simplification ratio (default: 0.7)
}

Pattern Matching

Patterns use glob-style matching (powered by outmatch):

Pattern	Matches
*	Any single path segment
**	Any number of path segments
**/name*	Any node whose name starts with "name"
**/v_upstream*	Nodes like v_upstream_coating, v_upstream_wall
**/*box*	Any node containing "box" in its name

Path Structure

Node paths are built from the hierarchy:

BeamPipe_assembly/v_upstream_coating/Left
                 ↑                  ↑
            parent name        child name

The pattern **/v_upstream* matches v_upstream_coating but NOT Left. To match descendants, use applyToDescendants: true (default when merge: false).

Rule Processing Order

Rules are processed in order. Earlier rules take precedence:

rules: [
  // Rule 1: Process specific patterns first
  {
    patterns: ["**/mirror*"],
    color: SILVER,
    merge: true
  },
  // Rule 2: "The rest" - no pattern means all remaining nodes
  {
    color: GREEN_100,
    merge: false,
    outline: true
  }
]

Skip Flags and Hierarchical Processing

When a node is processed, it's marked with a skip flag. Subsequent rules respect this:

1. Individual skip: Processed meshes are skipped by later rules
2. Hierarchical skip: If a parent is processed, descendants are skipped by "the rest" rules
3. Outlines: Created outlines are automatically marked to prevent "outline of outline"

Working with Nested Nodes

Understanding how rules interact with hierarchical geometry is crucial for effective styling.

Geometry Tree Structure

Detector geometry forms a tree of Object3D nodes:

BeamPipe_assembly (Group)
├── v_upstream_coating (Group)
│   ├── Left (Mesh)         ← has geometry, can be styled
│   └── Right (Mesh)        ← has geometry, can be styled
├── v_downstream_section (Mesh)
└── center_pipe (Mesh)

Key distinction:

• Groups - containers without geometry, used for organization
• Meshes - have actual geometry that gets rendered

Pattern Matching Depth

Patterns match based on the full path from root:

// Given this structure:
// BeamPipe_assembly/v_upstream_coating/Left

// Pattern "**/v_upstream*" matches:
"BeamPipe_assembly/v_upstream_coating"  ✓  (name starts with v_upstream)

// But does NOT match:
"BeamPipe_assembly/v_upstream_coating/Left"  ✗  (name is "Left", not "v_upstream*")

The applyToDescendants Option

When a pattern matches a Group (not a Mesh), you need to decide what happens to its children:

{
  patterns: ["**/v_upstream_coating"],
  color: 0xFF0000,
  merge: false,
  applyToDescendants: true  // ← Default when merge=false
}

applyToDescendants	Behavior
true (default)	Pattern matches Group → all descendant Meshes get styled
false	Pattern matches Group → nothing styled (Groups have no geometry)

Example - styling a branch:

// Style v_upstream_coating AND all its children (Left, Right)
{
  patterns: ["**/v_upstream_coating"],
  color: INDIGO_200,
  merge: false
  // applyToDescendants: true is the default
}

// Result:
// v_upstream_coating (Group) - marked as processed
// ├── Left (Mesh) - colored INDIGO_200
// └── Right (Mesh) - colored INDIGO_200

"The Rest" Rules and Hierarchical Skip

A rule without patterns is called a "the rest" rule - it processes everything not yet handled:

rules: [
  // Rule 1: Specific pattern
  { patterns: ["**/v_upstream*"], color: RED, merge: false },

  // Rule 2: "The rest" - no patterns
  { color: GREEN, merge: false }
]

Hierarchical skip ensures that once a branch is processed, "the rest" rules skip the entire branch:

Processing flow:

1. Rule 1 matches "v_upstream_coating"
   → Marks v_upstream_coating as processed
   → Styles Left and Right (applyToDescendants=true)
   → Marks Left and Right as processed

2. Rule 2 ("the rest") runs
   → Checks each mesh: "Is it in a processed branch?"
   → Left: parent v_upstream_coating is processed → SKIP
   → Right: parent v_upstream_coating is processed → SKIP
   → center_pipe: not in processed branch → style GREEN
   → v_downstream_section: not in processed branch → style GREEN

Common Pitfalls

Pitfall 1: Pattern doesn't match children

// WRONG: Only matches v_upstream_coating, not its children
{ patterns: ["**/v_upstream_coating"], merge: true }
// Result: Tries to merge just the Group (no geometry!)

// CORRECT: Match the Group with applyToDescendants
{ patterns: ["**/v_upstream_coating"], merge: false, applyToDescendants: true }
// Result: Styles all children of v_upstream_coating

Pitfall 2: Children processed twice

// PROBLEMATIC:
rules: [
  { patterns: ["**/v_upstream*"], color: RED },      // Matches v_upstream_coating
  { patterns: ["**/Left", "**/Right"], color: BLUE } // Also matches children!
]
// Result: Left and Right get BLUE (second rule overwrites)

// BETTER: Use one pattern and rely on applyToDescendants
rules: [
  { patterns: ["**/v_upstream*"], color: RED, merge: false }
]
// Result: v_upstream_coating AND its children get RED

Pitfall 3: "The rest" processes already-styled nodes

// WRONG ORDER:
rules: [
  { color: GREEN, merge: false },               // "The rest" FIRST - styles everything!
  { patterns: ["**/mirror*"], color: SILVER }   // Never runs - everything already processed
]

// CORRECT ORDER:
rules: [
  { patterns: ["**/mirror*"], color: SILVER },  // Specific patterns FIRST
  { color: GREEN, merge: false }                // "The rest" LAST
]

Pitfall 4: Outline of outline

When creating outlines, the outline object is added to the scene. Without protection, a subsequent rule might try to outline the outline:

// This is handled automatically!
// Outlines are marked with geometryEditingSkipRules = true
// They will be skipped by subsequent rules

Advanced: Multiple Nesting Levels

For deeply nested structures:

DRICH_assembly (Group)
├── sector_0 (Group)
│   ├── mirror_panel (Group)
│   │   ├── mirror_surface (Mesh)
│   │   └── mirror_backing (Mesh)
│   └── sensor_array (Group)
│       ├── sensor_0 (Mesh)
│       └── sensor_1 (Mesh)
└── sector_1 (Group)
    └── ...

Strategy 1: Match deepest level first

rules: [
  // Most specific first
  { patterns: ["**/mirror_surface*"], color: SILVER, merge: true, newName: "mirrors" },
  { patterns: ["**/sensor_*"], color: TEAL_200, merge: true, newName: "sensors" },
  // Everything else
  { color: GREEN_100, merge: false }
]

Strategy 2: Match by branch

rules: [
  // Match parent groups, style all descendants
  { patterns: ["**/mirror_panel"], color: SILVER, merge: false },
  { patterns: ["**/sensor_array"], color: TEAL_200, merge: false },
  // Everything else
  { color: GREEN_100, merge: false }
]

Strategy 3: Merge entire branches

rules: [
  // Merge all meshes under mirror_panel into one
  { patterns: ["**/mirror_panel/**"], merge: true, newName: "mirrors" },
  // Merge all sensors
  { patterns: ["**/sensor_array/**"], merge: true, newName: "sensors" }
]

Visualizing the Processing

Here's a complete example showing the processing flow:

// Geometry:
// BeamPipe_assembly
// ├── v_upstream_coating
// │   ├── Left
// │   └── Right
// ├── v_downstream_section
// └── center_pipe

{
  name: "BeamPipe_assembly*",
  rules: [
    // Rule 1: Match v_upstream branch
    {
      patterns: ["**/v_upstream*"],
      color: INDIGO_200,
      merge: false,
      outline: true
    },
    // Rule 2: The rest
    {
      color: INDIGO_80,
      merge: false,
      outline: true
    }
  ]
}

// Processing steps:
//
// 1. Clear all skip flags on BeamPipe_assembly tree
//
// 2. Rule 1 executes:
//    - Pattern "**/v_upstream*" matches "v_upstream_coating"
//    - applyToDescendants=true (default)
//    - Traverse v_upstream_coating:
//      - Left (Mesh): color=INDIGO_200, create outline, mark processed
//      - Right (Mesh): color=INDIGO_200, create outline, mark processed
//    - Mark v_upstream_coating as processed
//
// 3. Rule 2 ("the rest") executes:
//    - Traverse BeamPipe_assembly looking for unprocessed meshes:
//      - v_upstream_coating: skip (processed)
//      - Left: skip (in processed branch - parent is processed)
//      - Right: skip (in processed branch)
//      - Left_outline: skip (marked when created)
//      - Right_outline: skip (marked when created)
//      - v_downstream_section: NOT in processed branch
//        → color=INDIGO_80, create outline, mark processed
//      - center_pipe: NOT in processed branch
//        → color=INDIGO_80, create outline, mark processed
//
// Final result:
// ├── v_upstream_coating (processed)
// │   ├── Left ─────────── INDIGO_200 + outline
// │   ├── Left_outline ─── (auto-created)
// │   ├── Right ────────── INDIGO_200 + outline
// │   └── Right_outline ── (auto-created)
// ├── v_downstream_section ─ INDIGO_80 + outline
// ├── v_downstream_section_outline
// ├── center_pipe ────────── INDIGO_80 + outline
// └── center_pipe_outline

Examples

Simple Color Change

{
  name: "HcalBarrel*",
  rules: [
    {
      color: 0x90CAF9,  // Light blue
      merge: true,
      outline: true
    }
  ]
}

Multiple Patterns with Different Styles

{
  name: "DRICH*",
  rules: [
    // Mirrors get special treatment
    {
      patterns: ["**/DRICH_mirror*"],
      color: SILVER,
      merge: true,
      outline: false,
      newName: "DRICH_mirror"
    },
    // PDUs in teal
    {
      patterns: ["**/DRICH*pdu*"],
      color: TEAL_200,
      merge: true,
      newName: "DRICH_pdu"
    },
    // Everything else in light green
    {
      color: GREEN_100,
      merge: false,
      outline: true
    }
  ]
}

Transparent Material

{
  name: "InnerTrackerSupport_assembly*",
  rules: [
    {
      material: new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
        color: 0x878F99,      // Titanium
        roughness: 0.4,
        metalness: 0.2,
        transparent: true,
        opacity: 0.7,
        side: THREE.DoubleSide
      }),
      outline: true,
      outlineColor: 0xDBE4EB,  // Chrome
      merge: true
    }
  ]
}

Glass-like Material (DIRC)

{
  patterns: ["**/*box*", "**/*prism*"],
  material: new THREE.MeshPhysicalMaterial({
    color: 0xA5D6A7,        // Green
    metalness: 0.3,
    roughness: 0.2,
    envMapIntensity: 0.5,
    clearcoat: 0.8,
    transparent: true,
    opacity: 0.5,
    reflectivity: 0.2,
    ior: 0.9,
    side: THREE.DoubleSide
  }),
  newName: "DIRC_barAndPrisms"
}

Hierarchical Processing (BeamPipe Example)

{
  name: "BeamPipe_assembly*",
  rules: [
    // Match v_upstream nodes AND all their children
    {
      patterns: ["**/v_upstream*"],
      color: 0x9FA8DA,     // Indigo 200
      merge: false,        // Keep individual meshes
      outline: true
      // applyToDescendants defaults to true
    },
    // "The rest" - skips v_upstream branch entirely
    {
      color: 0xD1D9F0,     // Indigo 80
      merge: false,
      outline: true
    }
  ]
}

Built-in Color Palette

Firebird provides a curated color palette in cool3-geometry-ruleset.ts:

Cool Colors (Light/Pastel)

Constant	Hex	Use Case
BLUE_50	0xE3F2FD	Very light backgrounds
CYAN_50	0xE0F7FA	Light cyan accents
INDIGO_80	0xD1D9F0	Light indigo
INDIGO_150	0xB2BBE0	Medium-light indigo
GREEN_100	0xC8E6C9	Light green (PID)
YELLOW_100	0xFFF9C4	Light yellow (tracking)

Medium Colors

Constant	Hex	Use Case
AMBER_200	0xFFE082	Tracking detectors
BLUE_200	0x90CAF9	HCAL
TEAL_200	0x80CBC4	TOF components
INDIGO_200	0x9FA8DA	ECAL
ORANGE_200	0xFFCC80	Roman pots

Metallic Colors

Constant	Hex	Use Case
SILVER	0xC0C0C0	Mirrors, rails
CHROME	0xDBE4EB	Polished metal
STEEL_BLUE	0x4682B4	Beam pipes
TITANIUM	0x878F99	Supports
COPPER	0xB87333	Conductors

Color Scheme Philosophy

The COOL3 theme follows detector-type conventions:

Detector Type	Color Family	Examples
Tracking	Yellowish-Orange	Vertex, Si Trackers, MPGD
PID	Greenish	TOF, DIRC, RICH
ECAL	Pink/Violet	Forward, Barrel, Backward
HCAL	Bluish	LFHCAL, HcalBarrel
Flux Return	Grey	FluxBarrel, FluxEndcap
Beam Pipes	Blue Metallic	Electron pipe
Magnets	Neutral/Light	Solenoid, Beamline magnets

Creating Custom Themes

To create a custom theme:

1. Create a new file in src/app/theme/:

// my-theme-geometry-ruleset.ts
import * as THREE from "three";

// Define your colors
export const MY_PRIMARY = 0x3498DB;
export const MY_SECONDARY = 0x2ECC71;

// Export your ruleset
export const myThemeRules = [
  {
    name: "MyDetector*",
    rules: [
      { color: MY_PRIMARY, merge: true, outline: true }
    ]
  },
  // ... more rules
];

2. Register the theme in the geometry processor or configuration.

Performance Considerations

Merge for Performance

Merging reduces draw calls significantly:

// Good for performance - single merged mesh
{ merge: true, newName: "HCAL_merged" }

// More flexible but slower - individual meshes
{ merge: false }

Outline Threshold

Higher threshold = fewer edges = better performance:

{
  outline: true,
  outlineThresholdAngle: 60  // Only show sharp edges
}

Simplification

For complex geometries:

{
  simplifyMeshes: true,
  simplifyRatio: 0.5  // Keep 50% of vertices
}

Debugging Rules

Check Console Output

The geometry processor logs timing information:

[processRuleSets] Applying 25 theme rules...
[processRuleSets] Applying rules took >0.5s: 1234.5 for DRICH_assembly

Verify Patterns

Use the browser console to test patterns:

// In browser dev tools
import outmatch from 'outmatch';
const pattern = outmatch('**/v_upstream*');
pattern('BeamPipe_assembly/v_upstream_coating');  // true
pattern('BeamPipe_assembly/v_upstream_coating/Left');  // false

API Reference

Main Functions

// Clear skip flags before processing
clearGeometryEditingFlags(root: Object3D): void

// Apply a single rule to a node
editThreeNodeContent(node: Object3D, rule: EditThreeNodeRule): void

// Check if node was already processed
isAlreadyProcessed(obj: Object3D): boolean

// Check if node or any ancestor was processed
isInProcessedBranch(obj: Object3D): boolean

ThreeGeometryProcessor

class ThreeGeometryProcessor {
  // Apply rulesets to detectors
  processRuleSets(
    ruleSets: DetectorThreeRuleSet[],
    detectors: Subdetector[]
  ): void
}

Loading Rules from JSON

Rules can be loaded from JSONC files:

import { ruleSetsFromObj } from './three-geometry.processor';

// Parse JSON with material support
const ruleSets = ruleSetsFromObj(jsonData);

JSON format supports materialJson for Three.js materials:

{
  "name": "MyDetector*",
  "rules": [
    {
      "patterns": ["**/*box*"],
      "color": "0xA5D6A7",
      "materialJson": {
        "type": "MeshStandardMaterial",
        "color": 10809767,
        "roughness": 0.5,
        "metalness": 0.3
      }
    }
  ]
}